Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreShyam Metalics filed a winding-up petition against Action Ispat in the Delhi High Court over an unpaid dues of about Rs. 4.55 crore for goods supplied, and the Company Judge admitted the petition and appointed an Official Liquidator. Later, State Bank of India, a secured creditor owed much larger sums, applied to transfer the winding-up proceeding to the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) because an insolvency application under Section 7 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code was already pending there. The Company Judge allowed the transfer, and the Division Bench of the High Court upheld that transfer, leading to these appeals by Action Ispat.
The Supreme Court examined when a winding-up proceeding already admitted by a Company Court can still be transferred to the NCLT under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code. It held that so long as the winding-up process has not reached an "irreversible" stage, i.e., no actual sale of the company's assets has taken place, the Company Court retains discretion to transfer the matter to the NCLT at the request of a creditor, since the Code's beneficial, time-bound revival mechanism should ordinarily be given a chance. Since no irreversible steps had been taken despite the liquidator taking possession of records and premises, the Court found both the Company Judge and the High Court had correctly exercised discretion in transferring the case, and dismissed the appeals, including a related set of appeals seeking relief that depended on the same transfer.
A company undergoing winding-up proceedings in a High Court can still be moved into the insolvency resolution process under the IBC at a creditor's request, as long as the winding-up has not progressed to an irreversible stage like actual sale of assets: courts favour giving companies a chance at revival under the Code over liquidation.
