Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreSeveral flat buyers had taken home loans from ICICI Bank to purchase apartments from builder Rajsanket Realty Ltd. When the builder defaulted on its obligations, the Bank issued a loan recall notice against the buyers, which the buyers challenged before the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) as an unfair trade practice and a violation of RBI guidelines. The NCDRC rejected their complaints, and the buyers appealed to the Supreme Court. Rather than deciding the dispute on merits, the Court used two earlier hearings (October and November 2024) to broker a three-way settlement between the buyers, the Bank, and the builder.
Under Court-supervised negotiations, the Bank agreed to waive outstanding charges and give a 30% discount on pre-EMI amounts, the builder agreed to bear 50% of the outstanding pre-EMI and to complete/hand over the flats, and the buyers agreed to pay the outstanding principal and their share of pre-EMI upfront. After confirming full compliance through affidavits, the Court directed the Bank to record the loan accounts as fully repaid (not merely "settled," since that word could hurt the buyers' future credit prospects), directed the builder to hand over completed possession by 31 March 2025 and issue written acknowledgment of payments received, and directed the Bank to withdraw any pending recovery proceedings before the Debt Recovery Tribunal. All four connected appeals were disposed of as fully resolved.
Consumer disputes involving multiple stakeholders (lender, developer, and buyer) can often be resolved more practically through court-supervised settlement than adversarial litigation, and buyers should specifically ask that a repaid loan account be labelled "repaid," not "settled," since the wording used in bank records can affect future creditworthiness.
