Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreA registered trade union representing Escorts Group employees had earlier lost its civil appeals (decided 14 September 2017) concerning whether it could amend its membership clause to cover workers of a spun-off joint-venture company, Yamaha Motor India. After that dismissal, the union filed miscellaneous applications asking the Court to recall certain factual findings in the 2017 judgment, pointing out that a 2007 amendment the Court had relied on as "approved" had in fact later been withdrawn by the Registrar of Trade Unions.
The Court accepted that the 2017 judgment contained a factual error, the 2007 amendment approval had indeed been withdrawn in 2015, but held this did not change the outcome. The real basis for dismissing the original appeals was that Yamaha's own workers had since formed and registered their own separate, recognised trade union, which meant the appellant union could no longer satisfy the statutory representativeness requirements under Sections 9A and 22 of the Trade Unions Act, 1926. Since that independent ground survived regardless of the factual slip, the recall applications were dismissed, though the Court allowed an intervention application to be placed on record.
Correcting an isolated factual error in a judgment does not automatically reopen the case if the final decision rests independently on another sufficient legal ground: courts will only recall findings when the error actually affects the outcome.
