Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreRishabh Enterprises entered into a web of four interlinked commercial agreements (for supply, installation, sale, and lease of solar power equipment at a plant in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh) with Juwi India, Astonfield Renewables, and Dante Energy. Three of the four agreements contained arbitration clauses, but the Sale and Purchase Agreement did not. When a dispute arose, Rishabh filed a civil suit in the Delhi High Court instead of going to arbitration, and the appellants' application under Section 8 of the Arbitration Act (to refer the dispute to arbitration) was dismissed by both the Single Judge and the Division Bench on the ground that the agreements were not sufficiently interconnected.
The Supreme Court held that all four agreements were part of a single composite commercial transaction for the same solar power project, so even the one agreement lacking an arbitration clause had to be read together with the others. Applying the "composite transaction" principle (distinguishing the facts from Sukanya Holdings, which the High Court had relied on), the Court set aside the High Court's order and allowed the appeal, directing that all four agreements and the parties be referred to arbitration. It also protected the respondents' interim financial interest by directing the appellants to pay arrears and ongoing lease rent pending arbitration.
When multiple related contracts form one composite commercial deal, courts can send the whole dispute to arbitration even if one of the individual agreements lacks its own arbitration clause: parties cannot escape arbitration by splitting a single transaction across several documents.
