Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1066
Courts will not infer a concluded oral contract for the sale of immovable property just because the other side's witnesses seemed evasive: the party seeking specific performance must independently and affirmatively prove every essential term was genuinely agreed.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1065
Even in serious, high-value corruption cases, prolonged pre-trial detention cannot be used as a substitute for punishment when the trial is unlikely to conclude soon and the evidence is already secured: bail remains the touchstone principle under Article 21's personal liberty protection.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1067
Preventive detention cannot be used as a backdoor way to keep someone in custody once the ordinary criminal process, including bail, has already run its course on the same facts; the detaining authority must show a genuine, independent risk of future harm, not just recycle the criminal case file.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1068
In land acquisition disputes, courts will readily restore a uniform, fair market rate across similarly-situated parcels, but ancillary compensation heads (like moveable equipment such as tubewells) still require the claimant to prove their case with admissible evidence, not private reports whose authors were never examined in court.
First Appeal from Order · 2026:DHC:8447
If you are injured while genuinely trying to board or exit a train, you are very likely covered under railway "untoward incident" compensation law, even if you technically hadn't fully boarded yet: courts read this protection broadly in favour of passengers, and contemporaneous official records (station logs, police diary entries) carry more weight than a statement taken from you much later.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8404
Courts will not entertain vague, unsubstantiated allegations of judicial bias, and a request to combine cases becomes moot once the other related proceedings have already concluded: genuine grievances about trial delay or procedure must be backed by specific, demonstrable facts, not just repeated litigation.
Bail Application · 2026:DHC:8403
Anticipatory bail can be granted even in matrimonial cases involving serious sexual-offence allegations where there is unexplained delay in reporting, no evidence substantiating the need for custodial interrogation, and the investigating agency's own conduct (e.g., undocumented "verbal" notices) fails to justify arrest, though this is assessed only for bail purposes, not as a finding on guilt.
Regular First Appeal · 2026:DHC:8407
In family property disputes, signing a Relinquishment Deed acknowledging receipt of consideration, and then waiting years without challenging it or pursuing your claimed share, will make it very difficult to later prove you were never actually paid; courts expect contemporaneous action (a legal notice, a suit) and corroborating evidence, not delayed assertions alone.
Regular First Appeal · 2026:DHC:8401
A tenant who claims to have paid a large sum toward an informal "mortgage" or side arrangement must be able to prove it with solid evidence (receipts, corroborating witnesses): bare assertions, especially when contradicted by one's own family members under cross-examination, will not defeat a landlord's claim for rent and possession.
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Legal Case Shots is a searchable database of Supreme Court of India judgments, each broken down into the case type, the court's key holding, and a practical lesson learnt, with the full judgment available as a PDF for citation or deeper reading.
Annamalai sued Saraswathi, Dharmalingam, and Vasanthi for specific performance of a sale agreement dated 8 January 2010, while Vasanthi filed a separate suit against Annamalai seeking a declaration and injunction over the same property. The trial court, hearing the suits together, dismissed Vasanthi's suit and decreed specific performance in Annamalai's favour. The first appellate court reversed this, ruling for Vasanthi instead. The Madras High Court, in second appeal, then reversed again, restoring the decree of specific performance in Annamalai's favour and directing return of earnest money with interest, leading Vasanthi and others to challenge that judgment before the Supreme Court.
The Supreme Court examined whether the High Court had properly exercised its limited jurisdiction in second appeal, which under Section 100 CPC is confined to genuine "substantial questions of law" and does not permit re-appreciating evidence like a first appeal. It found that Annamalai had already paid over 90% of the agreed sale consideration plus additional amounts demanded, that Vasanthi (D-3) was closely related to the other defendants and thus not a bona fide purchaser, and that a finding on possession alone could not defeat the claim for specific performance in these circumstances. The Court held the High Court had erred in interfering with the first appellate court's decree, restored specific performance in Annamalai's favour, and directed him to deposit any remaining balance sale consideration (Rs. 10,000) in the execution court within one month, with each side bearing its own costs.
A buyer who has paid the overwhelming bulk of the agreed price under a valid sale agreement has strong legal grounds to enforce specific performance, and appellate courts in a "second appeal" cannot simply re-weigh the facts to reach a different result unless a genuine question of law is involved.
