Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1066
Courts will not infer a concluded oral contract for the sale of immovable property just because the other side's witnesses seemed evasive: the party seeking specific performance must independently and affirmatively prove every essential term was genuinely agreed.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1065
Even in serious, high-value corruption cases, prolonged pre-trial detention cannot be used as a substitute for punishment when the trial is unlikely to conclude soon and the evidence is already secured: bail remains the touchstone principle under Article 21's personal liberty protection.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1067
Preventive detention cannot be used as a backdoor way to keep someone in custody once the ordinary criminal process, including bail, has already run its course on the same facts; the detaining authority must show a genuine, independent risk of future harm, not just recycle the criminal case file.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1068
In land acquisition disputes, courts will readily restore a uniform, fair market rate across similarly-situated parcels, but ancillary compensation heads (like moveable equipment such as tubewells) still require the claimant to prove their case with admissible evidence, not private reports whose authors were never examined in court.
First Appeal from Order · 2026:DHC:8447
If you are injured while genuinely trying to board or exit a train, you are very likely covered under railway "untoward incident" compensation law, even if you technically hadn't fully boarded yet: courts read this protection broadly in favour of passengers, and contemporaneous official records (station logs, police diary entries) carry more weight than a statement taken from you much later.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8404
Courts will not entertain vague, unsubstantiated allegations of judicial bias, and a request to combine cases becomes moot once the other related proceedings have already concluded: genuine grievances about trial delay or procedure must be backed by specific, demonstrable facts, not just repeated litigation.
Bail Application · 2026:DHC:8403
Anticipatory bail can be granted even in matrimonial cases involving serious sexual-offence allegations where there is unexplained delay in reporting, no evidence substantiating the need for custodial interrogation, and the investigating agency's own conduct (e.g., undocumented "verbal" notices) fails to justify arrest, though this is assessed only for bail purposes, not as a finding on guilt.
Regular First Appeal · 2026:DHC:8407
In family property disputes, signing a Relinquishment Deed acknowledging receipt of consideration, and then waiting years without challenging it or pursuing your claimed share, will make it very difficult to later prove you were never actually paid; courts expect contemporaneous action (a legal notice, a suit) and corroborating evidence, not delayed assertions alone.
Regular First Appeal · 2026:DHC:8401
A tenant who claims to have paid a large sum toward an informal "mortgage" or side arrangement must be able to prove it with solid evidence (receipts, corroborating witnesses): bare assertions, especially when contradicted by one's own family members under cross-examination, will not defeat a landlord's claim for rent and possession.
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Legal Case Shots is a searchable database of Supreme Court of India judgments, each broken down into the case type, the court's key holding, and a practical lesson learnt, with the full judgment available as a PDF for citation or deeper reading.
The petitioner, a lawyer and disability rights activist, challenged conditions imposed by the Consortium of National Law Universities for the Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) 2023, just weeks before the exam. His concerns: visually impaired candidates without a "benchmark" disability were being denied scribes; the Consortium's scribe-qualification rules were stricter than the Union government's own guidelines; and the Consortium had not adequately arranged for scribes for candidates who could not find one on their own. The Supreme Court had earlier stepped in just before the exam date and got the Consortium to commit to interim accommodations.
The Court held that going forward, CLAT's disability-accommodation guidelines must be issued together with the exam advertisement, not months later, so candidates aren't left in uncertainty. It upheld the Consortium's restriction that a scribe should not be qualified above the 11th standard and should not be affiliated with a coaching centre (to preserve exam integrity, since CLAT is multiple-choice), but only because the Consortium had also committed to providing its own scribe to any candidate who couldn't find a compliant one. The Court also directed that where the Consortium supplies the scribe, the candidate must get at least two days to meet and get comfortable with that scribe before the exam. The petition was disposed of on these terms, with the guidelines directed to align with the Union Ministry's own 2022 office memorandum on accommodations under the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act.
Reasonable accommodation for disabled candidates in public examinations is a legal entitlement, not a discretionary courtesy: exam bodies must publish accessibility rules well in advance and cannot use "exam integrity" concerns to leave a disabled candidate with no accommodation option at all.
