Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1066
Courts will not infer a concluded oral contract for the sale of immovable property just because the other side's witnesses seemed evasive: the party seeking specific performance must independently and affirmatively prove every essential term was genuinely agreed.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1065
Even in serious, high-value corruption cases, prolonged pre-trial detention cannot be used as a substitute for punishment when the trial is unlikely to conclude soon and the evidence is already secured: bail remains the touchstone principle under Article 21's personal liberty protection.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1067
Preventive detention cannot be used as a backdoor way to keep someone in custody once the ordinary criminal process, including bail, has already run its course on the same facts; the detaining authority must show a genuine, independent risk of future harm, not just recycle the criminal case file.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1068
In land acquisition disputes, courts will readily restore a uniform, fair market rate across similarly-situated parcels, but ancillary compensation heads (like moveable equipment such as tubewells) still require the claimant to prove their case with admissible evidence, not private reports whose authors were never examined in court.
First Appeal from Order · 2026:DHC:8447
If you are injured while genuinely trying to board or exit a train, you are very likely covered under railway "untoward incident" compensation law, even if you technically hadn't fully boarded yet: courts read this protection broadly in favour of passengers, and contemporaneous official records (station logs, police diary entries) carry more weight than a statement taken from you much later.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8404
Courts will not entertain vague, unsubstantiated allegations of judicial bias, and a request to combine cases becomes moot once the other related proceedings have already concluded: genuine grievances about trial delay or procedure must be backed by specific, demonstrable facts, not just repeated litigation.
Bail Application · 2026:DHC:8403
Anticipatory bail can be granted even in matrimonial cases involving serious sexual-offence allegations where there is unexplained delay in reporting, no evidence substantiating the need for custodial interrogation, and the investigating agency's own conduct (e.g., undocumented "verbal" notices) fails to justify arrest, though this is assessed only for bail purposes, not as a finding on guilt.
Regular First Appeal · 2026:DHC:8407
In family property disputes, signing a Relinquishment Deed acknowledging receipt of consideration, and then waiting years without challenging it or pursuing your claimed share, will make it very difficult to later prove you were never actually paid; courts expect contemporaneous action (a legal notice, a suit) and corroborating evidence, not delayed assertions alone.
Regular First Appeal · 2026:DHC:8401
A tenant who claims to have paid a large sum toward an informal "mortgage" or side arrangement must be able to prove it with solid evidence (receipts, corroborating witnesses): bare assertions, especially when contradicted by one's own family members under cross-examination, will not defeat a landlord's claim for rent and possession.
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Legal Case Shots is a searchable database of Supreme Court of India judgments, each broken down into the case type, the court's key holding, and a practical lesson learnt, with the full judgment available as a PDF for citation or deeper reading.
Ashdan Properties Private Limited was the successful resolution applicant whose resolution plan for a corporate debtor was approved by the NCLT, Mumbai Bench, on 23.06.2023. DSK Global Education and Research Pvt. Ltd., a dissatisfied party, e-filed an appeal against that order before the NCLAT on 25.07.2023 but did not attach a certified copy of the impugned order and did not seek condonation of delay at that time. It only applied for a certified copy on 23.08.2023, received it on 07.09.2023, and filed a condonation-of-delay application even later, on 22.09.2023. The NCLAT clubbed this appeal with ten others and decided the group on merits (01.07.2024) without ruling on the limitation objection Ashdan had specifically raised.
The Supreme Court held that it did not need to examine the merits because the appeal before the NCLAT was fundamentally defective on limitation grounds. Relying on its earlier rulings in V. Nagarajan v. SKS Ispat & Power Ltd. and A. Rajendra v. Gonugunta Madhusudhan Rao, the Court reiterated that under the IBC, limitation runs from the date an order is pronounced in open court (23.06.2023 here), not from the date it is uploaded online, and that filing a certified copy of the impugned order under Rule 22(2) of the NCLAT Rules is mandatory, not a mere formality that can be waived indefinitely. Since DSK Global neither sought an exemption from filing a certified copy nor applied for condonation of delay at the time of e-filing, its appeal was defective from the outset, and the NCLAT erred by deciding the matter on merits without first resolving this jurisdictional defect. The Supreme Court therefore set aside the NCLAT's judgment on this short technical ground alone.
In IBC appeals, strict procedural compliance, filing within time from the date of pronouncement (not upload) and promptly applying for a certified copy, is not optional; courts will not overlook such lapses even to decide a case on its substantive merits.
