Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreState Bank of India, as financial creditor for a consortium of banks (SBI, PNB, Corporation Bank and UCO Bank), filed an application under Section 7 of the IBC against M/s. Metal Closure Pvt. Ltd. (the corporate debtor) alleging default of dues exceeding Rs. 280 crores. The NCLT, Bangalore Bench admitted the insolvency petition in 2018, and the corporate debtor's suspended Managing Director's appeal against that admission was dismissed by the NCLAT in 2019. The appellant then challenged the NCLAT's dismissal before the Supreme Court, arguing the application lacked material particulars, was time-barred, and was filed for an oblique/mala fide purpose.
The Supreme Court framed three issues: whether the Section 7 application lacked required particulars under Form I, whether it was filed within limitation, and whether it was filed for an oblique purpose. The Court held the application sufficiently disclosed the debt and default particulars, and that acknowledgments of debt in balance sheets (signed 30.09.2015) extended the limitation period so that the application, filed within that extended window, was not time-barred. It further held that pendency of other proceedings (including a counterclaim and criminal complaints) between the parties does not bar a financial creditor from invoking Section 7 of the IBC, since once default above the threshold is established, the Adjudicating Authority has little discretion to refuse admission.
A corporate debtor's acknowledgment of debt in its own signed balance sheets can extend the limitation period for a creditor's insolvency application, and merely having other litigation (civil recovery suits, counterclaims, or criminal complaints) pending against the creditor does not by itself block or delay an IBC insolvency application once default is established.
