Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreThe appellant, a laboratory attendant later promoted to junior clerk at a school, was effectively terminated after a change in the school's management body, and the termination was later formalised with retrospective effect. He challenged the termination before the School Tribunal but filed his appeal nearly three years late, blaming the delay on prolonged correspondence with the school trying to resolve the issue informally. The School Tribunal condoned the delay, but the Bombay High Court reversed that order and threw out his appeal as time-barred.
The Supreme Court held that the appellant's delay had been satisfactorily explained, he was in continuous correspondence with the institution during the relevant period and was never negligent, and that since his appointment and promotion had both been duly approved by the District Education Officer, he deserved a genuine opportunity to contest his termination on merits. It set aside the High Court's order, allowed the appeal, and restored the appellant's two pending appeals before the School Tribunal, directing the Tribunal to decide them on merits within six months, with all contentions of both sides left open.
Courts will often condone delay in filing a case if a person can show they were genuinely and continuously pursuing their grievance through correspondence rather than sitting idle: procedural delay need not be fatal if the underlying conduct shows diligence, not negligence.
