Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreThe appellant was convicted under Section 20(b)(ii)(c) of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 and sentenced to 15 years' rigorous imprisonment plus a fine, a conviction the Chhattisgarh High Court affirmed. His sole argument before the Supreme Court was that his conviction should be set aside because the police had not strictly complied with Section 52A of the NDPS Act, which governs the inventorying, photographing, and sampling of seized drugs before a magistrate.
The Supreme Court dismissed the appeal and laid down a detailed ten-point framework on Section 52A compliance. It held that Section 52A exists to safeguard fair handling of seized narcotics but does not demand rigid, letter-perfect compliance: "substantial compliance" is enough, and samples need not be drawn at the exact spot or moment of seizure. Non-compliance is not automatically fatal to a prosecution; it only matters if it creates real doubt about whether the seizure and recovery actually happened as claimed. The burden is on the accused to first show non-compliance on a preponderance of probabilities, after which the prosecution must prove substantial compliance (or that the lapse doesn't affect its case) beyond reasonable doubt.
A technical procedural lapse in how seized drugs were sampled or documented does not by itself void a conviction. Courts will look at the totality of the evidence, and only genuine doubts about the integrity of the seizure process will benefit the accused.
