Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreThe accused (respondent Nos. 2-4) were facing prosecution for various offences including attempt to murder under Section 307 IPC. The Additional Sessions Judge, after examining medical reports filed with the chargesheet and finding inconsistencies in them, discharged the accused from the Section 307 IPC charge while framing charges for the other, lesser offences. The complainant's criminal revision against this discharge was dismissed by the Rajasthan High Court, leading to this appeal before the Supreme Court.
The Supreme Court held that both the Sessions Court and the High Court had erred by evaluating and finding fault with the medical evidence at the charge-framing stage itself, when that kind of detailed appreciation of evidence is only appropriate once the prosecution leads evidence and the doctors are examined at trial. On a mere prima facie reading of the medical reports, the Court found that a case under Section 307 IPC was indeed made out, and therefore allowed the appeal, set aside the discharge order, and directed the trial court to frame the charge under Section 307 IPC as well, while clarifying that the accused remain free to argue after the evidence is led that no case is made out against them.
At the stage of framing criminal charges, courts should only assess whether a prima facie case exists on the material on record, not conduct a detailed, trial-like evaluation of the evidence's reliability or internal inconsistencies: that scrutiny belongs at the trial stage after evidence is actually led.
