Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreA power generation company (KMPCL) had deposited Rs. 108.44 crores in cash with the appellant transmission utility as a security mechanism in lieu of a Letter of Credit, before insolvency proceedings (CIRP) commenced against KMPCL on 3.10.2019. After the CIRP began, the appellant appropriated Rs. 85.13 crores of this deposit towards dues that had accrued before the CIRP started. The Resolution Professional objected, and both the NCLT and NCLAT held that this appropriation of pre-CIRP dues from the security deposit, made after the moratorium under Section 14 of the IBC had kicked in, was impermissible.
The Supreme Court held that the security deposit remained the property of the corporate debtor (KMPCL) until validly adjusted, and it was not a performance guarantee but only security against payment default. Since the moratorium under Section 14 bars recovery or enforcement of pre-CIRP dues outside the IBC's claims process, the appellant, an operational creditor, could not unilaterally appropriate the deposit towards pre-CIRP dues; it was instead required to file its claim before the Resolution Professional, which it had already done and had been partly admitted. The Court distinguished the appellant's reliance on precedents involving secured or dissenting financial creditors, since the appellant held no security interest and was neither a financial nor secured creditor. It affirmed the NCLT/NCLAT direction that the amounts be book-adjusted towards post-CIRP dues, with pre-CIRP dues to be satisfied only through the RP's claims process, and dismissed the appeals.
Once insolvency proceedings begin and the moratorium takes effect, a creditor cannot unilaterally adjust or appropriate a debtor's funds or security deposits to satisfy dues that arose before the insolvency began, all such pre-insolvency claims must go through the formal claims process before the Resolution Professional.
