Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreKapoor Glass, a converter of borosilicate glass tubing, complained to the Competition Commission of India (CCI) that Schott Glass India, then the leading domestic manufacturer of neutral USP-I borosilicate glass tubing, was abusing its dominant market position through exclusionary volume-based rebates, discriminatory contract terms, and occasional refusal to supply. Following an investigation, the CCI found violations of Section 4 and imposed a penalty of about Rs. 5.66 crore plus a cease-and-desist order. On appeal, the Competition Appellate Tribunal (COMPAT) reversed the CCI, finding the evidence (largely uncross-examined witness statements) insufficient, and noted converters' output had actually grown after the alleged conduct. Both CCI and Kapoor Glass appealed to the Supreme Court.
The Supreme Court upheld COMPAT's reversal and dismissed both appeals. It held that competition law must intervene only where there is rigorous, properly tested evidence of actual or likely market harm, not merely because an enterprise is large or holds a dominant position: genuine efficiency and scale should be rewarded, not punished. The Court found the CCI's case rested substantially on statements that were never subjected to cross-examination, and that most converters had in fact grown their business after the period in question, undermining the claim of foreclosure. It affirmed COMPAT's finding that the rebate and supply arrangements did not amount to proven abuse under Section 4, and ordered Kapoor Glass to pay Rs. 5,00,000 in costs to Schott India for the prolonged, ultimately unsubstantiated litigation.
Allegations of abuse of dominant position require solid, cross-examined evidence of real competitive harm: regulators cannot penalize a company's commercial success or market share alone; an effects-based, evidence-driven approach is essential to competition enforcement.
