Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreThe appellants' father had held certain agricultural land in Telangana as a "protected tenant" under the Andhra Pradesh (Telangana Area) Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1950, on the condition that it be cultivated. After his death, the appellants (his sons) instead sold portions of the land to various private persons, who built constructions on it. The Mandal Revenue Officer cancelled their protected-tenancy rights for this violation, and their subsequent appeal and revision petitions before the Joint Collector and the Andhra Pradesh High Court were both dismissed.
The Supreme Court held that all three lower forums (the Mandal Revenue Officer, the Joint Collector in appeal, and the High Court in revision) had correctly found a clear violation of the tenancy grant's conditions and of Sections 19, 40 and 48-A of the Act, since the appellants had transferred land meant for cultivation to third parties for non-agricultural use instead of farming it themselves. Finding no error in these concurrent findings of fact and no merit in the appellants' written submissions, the Court declined to disturb the decisions below and dismissed the appeals.
Land allotted to a protected tenant under tenancy reform laws comes with conditions (such as personal cultivation) attached, and using or selling such land for a different purpose can lead to forfeiture of tenancy rights: courts will not interfere where lower authorities have consistently found such a violation on the facts.
