Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreThe appellant chaired Rose Valley Real Estate Construction Ltd., which raised money from investors through privately placed secured debentures. After SEBI and the Enforcement Directorate initiated proceedings, he was arrested in March 2015 on a money-laundering charge and held in custody. The Calcutta High Court refused him bail, and he appealed to the Supreme Court.
The Court held that the strict bail conditions in Section 45 of the PMLA apply even when bail is sought under the ordinary criminal procedure provision (Section 439 CrPC), because the PMLA is a special law that overrides it. Under those conditions the court must be satisfied there are reasonable grounds to believe the accused is not guilty and is unlikely to offend again on bail. The Court did not decide whether Section 24 of the SEBI Act is a scheduled offence under the PMLA, because that question was pending before a High Court division bench. Relying on the materials gathered in investigation, the Court found no reason to interfere with the High Court's refusal and dismissed the appeal.
In money-laundering cases, bail is much harder to get, and the usual "bail is the rule" approach does not apply in the same way. Anyone facing a PMLA charge should expect the court to examine the evidence closely before granting release.
