Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreChemical Suppliers India Private Limited had supplied chemicals to GLS Films Industries and claimed over ₹2.9 crore was due; when GLS Films did not pay after a demand notice, Chemical Suppliers applied to the NCLT to trigger insolvency proceedings against GLS Films. GLS Films opposed this, saying several batches of solvent supplied to it were defective, that it had complained repeatedly (including a police complaint about alleged threats over payment), and that after adjusting for its own losses, the supplier actually owed it money. The NCLT dismissed the insolvency application, finding a genuine pre-existing dispute, but the NCLAT reversed that and allowed the insolvency process to proceed. GLS Films then appealed to the Supreme Court.
The Supreme Court held that correspondence going back to December 2020, well before the November 2021 demand notice, showed a real, ongoing dispute between the parties about defective supplies and unresolved accounts, not a made-up defence. It found the NCLAT wrong to treat a credit note as having fully resolved the dispute, and noted the supplier's own shifting demand figures showed confusion about what was actually owed. Applying settled law (including Mobilox Innovations v. Kirusa Software) that an insolvency application under Section 9 must be rejected once a plausible, non-spurious pre-existing dispute is shown, the Court held the NCLT's original rejection of the insolvency petition was correct. It set aside the NCLAT's judgment and restored the NCLT's order dismissing the insolvency application, with parties bearing their own costs.
The insolvency process under the IBC is not a debt-recovery shortcut. If a genuine, pre-existing dispute over payment exists (evidenced by real correspondence predating the demand notice), courts will not allow insolvency proceedings to be used to pressure the other side into paying a disputed amount.
