Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreRasheeda Yasin obtained a money decree against Komala Ammal and her son K.J. Prakash Kumar for about ₹3.75 lakh and sought to execute it by attaching and auctioning their Chennai property. After two failed auctions, the upset price was progressively reduced through several court orders (with the judgment debtors participating at various stages), and the property was eventually sold at a court auction to G.R. Selvaraj. Years later, the judgment debtors challenged the sale before the Madras High Court, which set it aside for alleged non-compliance with Order XXI Rule 66(2)(a) CPC (adequacy of the sale proclamation): an objection they had never raised at the appropriate earlier stage.
The Supreme Court held that Order XXI Rule 90(3) CPC bars a judgment debtor from raising, after the sale, any ground that could have been raised before the sale proclamation was drawn up, provided the debtor had notice and chose not to act. Since the judgment debtors here were on notice at every stage of the price-reduction proceedings and had participated but never objected to the sale proclamation's adequacy, they were barred from raising that objection years later. The High Court wrongly treated Rule 66(2)(a) as an independent obligation on the executing court regardless of this statutory bar. The Supreme Court set aside the High Court's judgment and restored/confirmed the auction sale in the appellant's favour.
If you want to challenge a court-ordered execution sale, you must raise every available objection about the sale proclamation before the sale takes place. Courts will not entertain such objections for the first time years afterward if you had notice and stayed silent at the time.
