Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Transfer Petition (Criminal) · 2026 INSC 1060
Where a marriage has irretrievably broken down and the parties reach a genuine, voluntary settlement, including on alimony, the Supreme Court can use its Article 142 powers to grant a mutual-consent divorce and close out all related litigation in one stroke, without requiring the usual statutory waiting period.
Writ Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1061
In long-running, complex litigation involving apportioned government liabilities across states, the Supreme Court can use a mechanism like a retired-judge committee plus periodic compliance affidavits to bring genuine finality, including firm timelines, transparency obligations, and interest for delayed payment, rather than leaving matters open-ended.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1062
In an "as is where is" liquidation auction, a bidder who voluntarily accepts the auction terms cannot later resile from a forfeiture clause by citing regulatory caps or after-the-fact excuses for non-payment: courts will enforce the auction notice's own conditions.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8338-DB
Once someone is released from custody because the police failed to properly communicate the grounds of arrest, the police cannot simply re-arrest them by adding new charges: a specific, court-supervised procedure with senior-officer accountability must be followed, or the re-arrest itself becomes illegal.
Bail Application · 2026:DHC:8308
In economic-offence cases, bail can still be granted where the method used to quantify the alleged financial evasion is not adequately justified, and where the apprehension of re-offending is speculative rather than evidence-based.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8323
A parole claim must be backed by a genuine, verifiable application to the competent jail authority: courts will scrutinise irregularities like an incomplete address, an unexplained thumb mark, or reliance on a mere friend's affidavit rather than close family.
Bail Application · 2026:DHC:8337
Courts can grant short, strictly time-bound interim bail purely on humanitarian/compassionate grounds (such as caring for a seriously ill family member), even while a case remains pending trial and an earlier bail plea has failed.
Bail Application · 2026:DHC:8312
Courts will not repeatedly re-examine a bail plea already rejected on merits unless the applicant can point to a genuine change in circumstances since the earlier order.
First Appeal from Order · 2026:DHC:8334
Under the no-fault compensation scheme for railway accidents, a valid ticket-holder injured while attempting to board a train, even carelessly, is generally entitled to compensation unless the railway can show a deliberate, conscious exposure to danger, not mere negligence.
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Legal Case Shots is a searchable database of Supreme Court of India judgments, each broken down into the case type, the court's key holding, and a practical lesson learnt, with the full judgment available as a PDF for citation or deeper reading.
Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority (GNIDA) had leased a plot of land to a company (the corporate debtor) for a residential project, with premium payable in instalments. When the company defaulted and went through the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) under the IBC, GNIDA submitted a claim of about Rs. 43.4 crore as unpaid lease premium, describing itself as a financial creditor. The Resolution Professional instead treated GNIDA as an operational creditor and, GNIDA alleged, never gave it notice of Committee of Creditors (COC) meetings; the approved resolution plan incorrectly recorded that GNIDA had submitted no claim at all and allotted it a much smaller sum. GNIDA's applications to recall the approval and challenge the plan were rejected by the NCLT and NCLAT, leading to this appeal.
The Supreme Court held that a Tribunal like the NCLT has inherent power to recall its own orders (even without an express statutory provision) where there has been a procedural defect, fraud, or a mistake prejudicing a party, and that GNIDA's recall applications were not time-barred given the sequence of notices it received. On the merits, the Court found the resolution plan legally defective under Section 30(2) of the IBC because it wrongly recorded that GNIDA had submitted no claim (when it had, with proof), failed to place GNIDA in the category of secured creditor despite its statutory charge over the debtor's assets under the U.P. Industrial Area Development Act, and did not adequately examine whether the plan, which depended on using land it didn't own, was actually feasible. The Court set aside both the NCLAT's and NCLT's orders and sent the resolution plan back to the Committee of Creditors for re-submission after fixing these defects.
In an insolvency process, submitting a claim "with proof" is what matters: an error in which form you used to file it should not be allowed to erase your claim altogether; and if a resolution plan misstates your dues or omits your statutory security interest, that is a valid, reviewable defect even though the "commercial wisdom" of creditors on other matters is not normally open to challenge in court.
