Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreGulshan Kumar, diagnosed with Focal Hand Dystonia (a chronic neurological "writer's cramp" condition) and assessed with 25% disability that did not meet the "benchmark disability" threshold, was denied a scribe and compensatory time by several recruitment bodies (State Bank of India, SSC, Bihar SSC) for competitive exams even though he had a NIMHANS certificate recommending a scribe. He filed this PIL under Article 32 seeking a direction that such facilities not be restricted only to candidates with benchmark disabilities.
Although the specific exams named in the petition had already passed, the Court took up the larger issue given its recurring importance. It held that the benefits of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (scribe, compensatory time, and other reasonable accommodations) cannot be confined only to persons with "benchmark" disabilities, extending the reasoning of Vikas Kumar v. UPSC. Relying on the Constitution Bench ruling in Kaushal Kishor, the Court also held that Articles 19 and 21 rights can be enforced even against examining bodies that are not strictly "State" instrumentalities. It directed the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment to revisit its August 2022 Office Memorandum within two months and reissue uniform guidelines covering a grievance redressal portal, extended validity of scribe certificates, incentive programs for scribes, penal action against non-compliant officials, and sensitization measures.
Persons with disabilities are entitled to reasonable examination accommodations like scribes regardless of whether their disability crosses the statutory "benchmark" threshold, and examination-conducting bodies can be compelled through writ jurisdiction to comply uniformly with disability-rights guidelines.
