Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreA woman accused of using fraudulent documents to obtain a teaching appointment sought to quash the FIR and prevent arrest. At the time, Uttar Pradesh had omitted the ordinary anticipatory-bail provision from its applicable criminal procedure. The High Court dismissed her writ petition, and she challenged both that refusal and the lack of protection from arrest.
The Supreme Court dismissed the appeal but continued its own conditional bail protection until completion of the trial, subject to cooperation with investigation. Both opinions recognised that the High Court's constitutional jurisdiction could provide exceptional pre-arrest protection, but could not be routinely used to recreate the omitted statutory remedy. The Court also stressed compliance with the statutory limits on arrest and notice of appearance for the relevant offences. Once a writ challenge failed, interim relief ancillary to it could not ordinarily survive merely to provide protection from arrest. The investigation and trial were not quashed, and the State could seek withdrawal of protection for non-cooperation.
Registration of an FIR and lawful necessity for arrest are separate matters, and cooperation with investigation can be a condition of protection. This judgment addresses Uttar Pradesh's statutory position in 2014; its discussion of the omitted bail provision should not be treated as a statement of today's law.
