Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1073
In circumstantial-evidence cases, forensic and DNA evidence must actually corroborate the alleged crime: a conviction cannot survive where the most crucial scientific evidence, on its own terms, points away from rather than toward the prosecution's theory.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1074
A conviction based purely on circumstantial evidence requires every link in the chain, timeline, witness credibility, forensic matches, and motive, to be proven beyond reasonable doubt; gaps or suppressed evidence at any link entitle the accused to the benefit of the doubt, even in a serious case like a double murder.
Criminal Miscellaneous Case · 2026:DHC:8505
Courts will not quash a criminal case merely because the accused has a plausible alibi-type defence; unless that defence is conclusive and undisputed, the matter must be tested through the ordinary trial process.
Criminal Miscellaneous Case · 2026:DHC:8547
A private compromise between victim and accused cannot by itself secure quashing of a case involving serious, heinous allegations like attempted murder with a weapon: such matters must proceed to trial regardless of settlement.
First Appeal from Order · 2026:DHC:8563
Railway Claims Tribunals cannot reject a bona fide passenger's death claim based on speculative inferences when there is no direct evidence of an alternative cause of death; the compensation scheme under the Railways Act is to be interpreted generously in favour of victims' families.
Criminal Miscellaneous Case · 2026:DHC:8559
In matrimonial offences, courts can and do quash criminal proceedings once a genuine compromise is verified directly with the complainant, sparing both parties a prolonged and pointless trial.
Bail Application · 2026:DHC:8541
A co-accused's bail does not automatically extend to another accused where their actual roles in the offence differ materially; delay caused by one's own defence counsel cannot later be used as a ground for bail.
Execution Petition · 2026:DHC:8567
An arbitral award must be adequately stamped before a court can enforce it; courts give only a limited window to cure such defects, after which the award becomes legally unusable until the deficiency is fixed.
Arbitration Petition · 2026:DHC:8555
A genuine settlement reached through mediation renders a pending arbitration-related court petition moot, allowing parties to close out litigation quickly once they resolve their dispute privately.
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Legal Case Shots is a searchable database of Supreme Court of India judgments, each broken down into the case type, the court's key holding, and a practical lesson learnt, with the full judgment available as a PDF for citation or deeper reading.
HDFC Bank had granted a loan secured by a mortgage over a flat in Mumbai. When the borrowers defaulted and the loan account was declared a non-performing asset, the Bank initiated proceedings under the SARFAESI Act to take possession of the mortgaged flat. The appellant, claiming to be a tenant in the flat since mid-2012 (before the mortgage), sought protection from eviction, but the Magistrate rejected his application for lack of proof of a registered tenancy.
The Supreme Court held that the appellant's tenancy claim was doubtful and unsupported by credible evidence: the only rent receipt produced was dated after the mortgage was created, the borrowers had never disclosed any tenant to the Bank, and third-party valuers had found the borrowers themselves residing at the property. Applying its earlier precedents, the Court reiterated that a tenancy for a period exceeding one year must be backed by a registered instrument, and an unregistered or oral tenancy does not entitle a tenant to resist SARFAESI possession proceedings beyond a limited period. Finding no genuine, legally valid tenancy pre-dating or properly surviving the mortgage, the Court dismissed the appeals.
A long-term tenancy claim cannot defeat a bank's right to repossess mortgaged property under the SARFAESI Act unless it is backed by a registered lease document: oral tenancies or unregistered receipts offer very limited protection against a secured creditor.
