Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1066
Courts will not infer a concluded oral contract for the sale of immovable property just because the other side's witnesses seemed evasive: the party seeking specific performance must independently and affirmatively prove every essential term was genuinely agreed.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1065
Even in serious, high-value corruption cases, prolonged pre-trial detention cannot be used as a substitute for punishment when the trial is unlikely to conclude soon and the evidence is already secured: bail remains the touchstone principle under Article 21's personal liberty protection.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1067
Preventive detention cannot be used as a backdoor way to keep someone in custody once the ordinary criminal process, including bail, has already run its course on the same facts; the detaining authority must show a genuine, independent risk of future harm, not just recycle the criminal case file.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1068
In land acquisition disputes, courts will readily restore a uniform, fair market rate across similarly-situated parcels, but ancillary compensation heads (like moveable equipment such as tubewells) still require the claimant to prove their case with admissible evidence, not private reports whose authors were never examined in court.
First Appeal from Order · 2026:DHC:8447
If you are injured while genuinely trying to board or exit a train, you are very likely covered under railway "untoward incident" compensation law, even if you technically hadn't fully boarded yet: courts read this protection broadly in favour of passengers, and contemporaneous official records (station logs, police diary entries) carry more weight than a statement taken from you much later.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8404
Courts will not entertain vague, unsubstantiated allegations of judicial bias, and a request to combine cases becomes moot once the other related proceedings have already concluded: genuine grievances about trial delay or procedure must be backed by specific, demonstrable facts, not just repeated litigation.
Bail Application · 2026:DHC:8403
Anticipatory bail can be granted even in matrimonial cases involving serious sexual-offence allegations where there is unexplained delay in reporting, no evidence substantiating the need for custodial interrogation, and the investigating agency's own conduct (e.g., undocumented "verbal" notices) fails to justify arrest, though this is assessed only for bail purposes, not as a finding on guilt.
Regular First Appeal · 2026:DHC:8407
In family property disputes, signing a Relinquishment Deed acknowledging receipt of consideration, and then waiting years without challenging it or pursuing your claimed share, will make it very difficult to later prove you were never actually paid; courts expect contemporaneous action (a legal notice, a suit) and corroborating evidence, not delayed assertions alone.
Regular First Appeal · 2026:DHC:8401
A tenant who claims to have paid a large sum toward an informal "mortgage" or side arrangement must be able to prove it with solid evidence (receipts, corroborating witnesses): bare assertions, especially when contradicted by one's own family members under cross-examination, will not defeat a landlord's claim for rent and possession.
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Legal Case Shots is a searchable database of Supreme Court of India judgments, each broken down into the case type, the court's key holding, and a practical lesson learnt, with the full judgment available as a PDF for citation or deeper reading.
The two companies had a 2014 MoU for sale of land in Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, under which the respondent paid Rs. 15.5 crores as advance. After the MoU was terminated, the dispute went to arbitration, and a 2019 arbitral award directed the appellant to repay Rs. 15.5 crores with 21% annual interest from disbursement to repayment (as per the MoU's own termination clause). After the appellant paid Rs. 44.42 crores towards this, the respondent sought additional compound/post-award interest in execution proceedings; the executing court rejected this, but the High Court set aside that order and remanded the matter, prompting this appeal.
The Supreme Court held that Section 31(7)(a) of the Arbitration Act gives party autonomy primacy. Where parties have themselves fixed the rate and duration of interest (as this MoU did, at 21% from disbursement until repayment), the arbitral tribunal's award is only enforcing that agreement, and Section 31(7)(b)'s default post-award interest provision (relied on for compound interest in cases like Hyder Consulting) applies only where the award is silent on interest. Since the tribunal here had already specified both the rate and the terminal date (till actual repayment), there was no scope to layer additional compound or post-award interest at the execution stage, doing so would amount to impermissibly rewriting the award during execution. The Court therefore set aside the High Court's remand order and restored the executing court's order closing the execution petition, allowing the appeal with no order as to costs.
Where parties have contractually fixed the interest rate and period, an arbitral tribunal's award enforcing that agreement is treated as a complete interest regime: a decree-holder cannot later claim extra compound or post-award interest at the execution stage, since courts will not use execution proceedings to modify or supplement a final arbitral award.
