Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1073
In circumstantial-evidence cases, forensic and DNA evidence must actually corroborate the alleged crime: a conviction cannot survive where the most crucial scientific evidence, on its own terms, points away from rather than toward the prosecution's theory.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1074
A conviction based purely on circumstantial evidence requires every link in the chain, timeline, witness credibility, forensic matches, and motive, to be proven beyond reasonable doubt; gaps or suppressed evidence at any link entitle the accused to the benefit of the doubt, even in a serious case like a double murder.
Criminal Miscellaneous Case · 2026:DHC:8505
Courts will not quash a criminal case merely because the accused has a plausible alibi-type defence; unless that defence is conclusive and undisputed, the matter must be tested through the ordinary trial process.
Criminal Miscellaneous Case · 2026:DHC:8547
A private compromise between victim and accused cannot by itself secure quashing of a case involving serious, heinous allegations like attempted murder with a weapon: such matters must proceed to trial regardless of settlement.
First Appeal from Order · 2026:DHC:8563
Railway Claims Tribunals cannot reject a bona fide passenger's death claim based on speculative inferences when there is no direct evidence of an alternative cause of death; the compensation scheme under the Railways Act is to be interpreted generously in favour of victims' families.
Criminal Miscellaneous Case · 2026:DHC:8559
In matrimonial offences, courts can and do quash criminal proceedings once a genuine compromise is verified directly with the complainant, sparing both parties a prolonged and pointless trial.
Bail Application · 2026:DHC:8541
A co-accused's bail does not automatically extend to another accused where their actual roles in the offence differ materially; delay caused by one's own defence counsel cannot later be used as a ground for bail.
Execution Petition · 2026:DHC:8567
An arbitral award must be adequately stamped before a court can enforce it; courts give only a limited window to cure such defects, after which the award becomes legally unusable until the deficiency is fixed.
Arbitration Petition · 2026:DHC:8555
A genuine settlement reached through mediation renders a pending arbitration-related court petition moot, allowing parties to close out litigation quickly once they resolve their dispute privately.
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Legal Case Shots is a searchable database of Supreme Court of India judgments, each broken down into the case type, the court's key holding, and a practical lesson learnt, with the full judgment available as a PDF for citation or deeper reading.
During the insolvency resolution of VSP Udyog Private Limited, the Committee of Creditors approved a resolution plan proposed by Amit Metaliks Limited. India Resurgence ARC Private Limited, a secured financial creditor holding a small voting share, disagreed with the amount it was offered under the plan and became a "dissenting financial creditor," arguing it should instead be entitled to the full value of the security interest it held, around Rs. 12 crore, rather than the roughly Rs. 2 crore offered. Both the National Company Law Tribunal and the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal rejected its challenge, leading to this appeal.
The Supreme Court held that a dissenting secured financial creditor's entitlement under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code is capped by Section 30(2)(b): it is entitled only to a share proportionate to what is being offered to similarly placed financial creditors under the resolution plan, not the full value of its security interest. The Court reasoned that allowing dissenting creditors to claim full security value would create a perverse incentive for every secured creditor to dissent and push for liquidation rather than support resolution, defeating the Code's core purpose of rescuing viable businesses. Finding the appellant's claimed value of Rs. 12 crore "ill-conceived" against the correctly computed proportional entitlement of about Rs. 2.026 crore, the Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the resolution plan.
Creditors who disagree with an approved insolvency resolution plan cannot demand the full value of their security interest: the law intentionally limits a dissenting creditor's payout to prevent the system from tilting toward liquidation over business rescue.
