Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreA housing society sued its building's developers before a Consumer Forum, alleging they had failed to supply amenities, obtain an Occupancy Certificate, and execute a Conveyance Deed. The District Forum ruled against the developers and they appealed, but when they later sought to introduce two new documents (a letter to the Municipal Corporation and its reply, both created only after the appeal was filed) to show they genuinely couldn't get the Occupancy Certificate because of unauthorized structures, the State Commission and then the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission both refused to let these documents in.
The Supreme Court held that the developers could not have produced these documents earlier since they did not exist until after the appeal was filed, satisfying the standard under Order XLI Rule 27 of the Civil Procedure Code for admitting additional evidence at the appellate stage. The Court found the State Commission's rejection of the application, a bare statement that the documents were "not necessary", to be unreasoned and against a proper holistic assessment of the case, and that the National Commission had simply rubber-stamped this error. The Supreme Court set aside both the State Commission's interim order and the National Commission's order, allowed the civil appeal, and remitted the matter back to the State Commission with directions to take the additional documents on record and decide the underlying consumer appeal (pending since 2013) expeditiously on its merits.
A party can bring new evidence into an ongoing appeal if that evidence genuinely did not exist earlier, and appellate consumer forums must give reasoned explanations, not bare one-line dismissals, when they refuse to admit such evidence, especially where it goes to the heart of a party's defense.
