Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreThis was a batch of appeals arising from a common NCLAT (National Company Law Appellate Tribunal) judgment concerning the insolvency resolution of Bhushan Power and Steel Limited (BPSL), one of India's largest corporate insolvency cases. Various stakeholders (including operational creditor Kalyani Transco, BPSL's erstwhile promoters, the Government/State of Odisha, and other operational creditors) separately challenged the NCLAT's approval of the resolution plan submitted by JSW Steel, which had been approved by BPSL's Committee of Creditors (CoC) and cleared by the NCLT and NCLAT.
The Supreme Court quashed and set aside both the NCLT's (2019) and NCLAT's (2020) judgments approving the JSW resolution plan, holding that the plan as approved did not comply with the mandatory requirements of Section 30(2) read with Section 31(2) of the IBC. Exercising its extraordinary power under Article 142 of the Constitution, the Court directed the NCLT (the Adjudicating Authority) to initiate liquidation proceedings against Bhushan Power and Steel Ltd. under the IBC's liquidation chapter, rather than allowing the resolution plan to stand. It left open the question of how payments and equity contributions already made by JSW under the (now-rejected) plan should be treated, to be worked out per an earlier recorded statement of counsel, and expressly declined to rule on a related technical accounting dispute (treatment of EBITDA), keeping that question open for another day. Appeals relating to the State of Odisha's tax and electricity dues claims were disposed of without a decision on their merits, since the resolution plan itself was being rejected.
Approval of a corporate insolvency resolution plan is not a rubber stamp, even after a plan clears the Committee of Creditors and two tribunal levels, the Supreme Court can strike it down for non-compliance with the IBC's mandatory approval requirements and order liquidation instead, showing that procedural compliance in insolvency resolutions is taken seriously all the way up.
