Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreThe Karnataka State Pollution Control Board had filed criminal complaints against the Commissioner and Chief Officers of a City Municipal Council for offences under the Water Act, 1974, over pollution violations. The Karnataka High Court quashed these prosecutions under Section 482 of the Criminal Procedure Code, reasoning the officials could not be held liable under the relevant provision. The Board appealed to the Supreme Court.
The Supreme Court examined whether a City Municipal Council, as a body corporate, could be treated as a "company" for the purposes of Section 47 of the Water Act (which fixes liability on persons in charge of a company's business when it commits an offence), drawing an analogy with similar language in the Negotiable Instruments Act. It held that the definition was broad enough to include municipal bodies corporate, and that cognizance of offences under the Act could also independently be taken under Section 49. Concluding that the High Court had erred in quashing the complaints, the Supreme Court set aside the High Court's judgment, dismissed the officials' quashing applications, and directed the Magistrate to proceed with the criminal complaints in accordance with law.
Officials heading a municipal or other statutory body corporate can be held criminally liable for pollution-law violations committed by that body, in the same way company directors can be held liable for a company's offences.
