Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreThe complainant (appellant) had alleged that two more persons, besides the two already charge-sheeted, were also involved in a kidnapping/POCSO case and got the Sessions Court to summon them via non-bailable warrants under Section 193 CrPC. The accused challenged this in a criminal revision before the Rajasthan High Court, which quashed the non-bailable-warrant portion of the order and additionally directed the Sessions Court to "consider and allow" their bail application on the same day it was moved, without even hearing the complainant, who had not been made a party to the revision.
The Supreme Court held that the High Court committed two serious errors: first, it failed to implead the complainant, who had a right to be heard since the order under challenge was passed on his own application; second, and more fundamentally, no superior court can direct a subordinate court to "allow" or "reject" a specific application, doing so usurps the subordinate court's independent judicial discretion. The Court set aside the High Court's direction compelling the Sessions Court to grant bail, while leaving the cognizance order itself undisturbed, and restored the Sessions Court's freedom to decide any bail application on its own merits.
Courts of appeal or revision can set aside or remand an order, but they cannot dictate in advance what the outcome of a subordinate court's independent decision must be: this preserves every court's judicial independence to decide on the merits before it.
