Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreThe plaintiff owns a 2,200 sq. yd. property (Khasra No. 1024), part of which (about 800 sq. yds.) was let to Defendant No. 2 for a factory from 1993. The appellant, Metal Cans Company, claimed it had acquired a perpetual tenancy by paying Rs 2,65,000 to the original tenant in 1983, and that the rent-control bar on eviction for rent of Rs 3,500 or less applied. The trial court decreed possession under Order XII Rule 6 CPC on 18.05.2024, and the appellant challenged that decree.
The High Court dismissed the appeal. It held that the appellant had become a direct tenant of the plaintiff, because it had paid rent directly to the plaintiff in 2011, 2013 and 2014, and a tenant who accepts a landlord's tenancy cannot dispute the landlord's title. The rent exceeded Rs 3,500 per month (about Rs 8,300 on the payments shown), so the rent-control bar did not apply, even on the appellant's own figure once statutory interest on default rent was added. The Court also held that filing a suit for possession can serve as notice terminating the tenancy, following Supreme Court precedent. The appellant had confined its challenge to the Order XII Rule 6 decision, and the Court did not decide the separate order under Order XXXIX Rule 10.
Paying rent directly to a property owner over several years can establish a landlord-tenant relationship and prevent a later claim of ownership. A claim of "perpetual tenancy" needs proof, and a suit for possession may itself be treated as notice to quit.
