Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreASP Traders, a registered Arecanut dealer, had its goods-carrying truck detained by a UP GST Mobile Squad over a shortfall of missing bags and suspicion that the consignee was non-existent. To get its goods released quickly, the trader deposited the demanded IGST amount, but the tax officer never passed a formal, reasoned order under Section 129(3) of the CGST Act despite repeated requests. The Allahabad High Court dismissed the trader's writ petition, holding that once payment was made, the proceedings stood "concluded" under Section 129(5) and no order or mandamus was required.
The Supreme Court held that even where a taxpayer pays the demanded tax/penalty to secure release of detained goods, the proper officer remains statutorily bound to pass a reasoned final order under Section 129(3) in Form GST MOV-09 and upload the corresponding summary in Form GST DRC-07. The Court reasoned that "deemed conclusion" of proceedings under Section 129(5) does not dispense with the adjudication requirement, because a reasoned order is essential to preserve the taxpayer's statutory right of appeal under Section 107 and to satisfy Article 265 of the Constitution (no tax without authority of law). It set aside the High Court's order and directed the officer to pass a reasoned order within one month, after which the trader can pursue appellate remedies.
Paying a GST demand under protest to get your goods released does not waive your right to a formal, reasoned order from the tax authority: that order is what preserves your ability to appeal, and authorities cannot skip it just because payment was made.
