Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreLandowners near Hyderabad had developed land into an integrated complex through development agreements with a developer, and the owners later organized themselves into societies, including the appellant society. A dispute arose between the appellant society and some member-owners (the respondents) over the sharing of lease rent collected from a commercial building, and the owners sought to resolve it before the District Judge under the Societies Registration Act rather than through arbitration. The appellants argued that an arbitration clause (Clause 19) in an Addendum to the Supplementary Development Agreement required the dispute to go to arbitration instead, but both the District Judge and the High Court had rejected this and refused to refer the matter to an arbitrator.
The Supreme Court held that the dispute over sharing of rental income was directly connected to and arose out of the Development Agreements, Supplementary Development Agreements, and the Addendum between the parties, and therefore fell within the scope of the arbitration clause (Clause 19). The Court found that both the High Court and the District Judge had erred in reading Clause 19 too narrowly and in refusing to refer the dispute to arbitration. It allowed the appeals, quashed the High Court's and District Judge's orders, and directed that the dispute between the respondents and appellants be referred to arbitration as per Clause 19.
When parties have agreed to an arbitration clause covering disputes "arising out of, in connection with, or relating to" an agreement, courts will read that clause broadly, and a dispute connected to the underlying contractual relationship (even if filed under a different statute) should ordinarily be sent to arbitration rather than litigated in court.
