Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1066
Courts will not infer a concluded oral contract for the sale of immovable property just because the other side's witnesses seemed evasive: the party seeking specific performance must independently and affirmatively prove every essential term was genuinely agreed.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1065
Even in serious, high-value corruption cases, prolonged pre-trial detention cannot be used as a substitute for punishment when the trial is unlikely to conclude soon and the evidence is already secured: bail remains the touchstone principle under Article 21's personal liberty protection.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1067
Preventive detention cannot be used as a backdoor way to keep someone in custody once the ordinary criminal process, including bail, has already run its course on the same facts; the detaining authority must show a genuine, independent risk of future harm, not just recycle the criminal case file.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1068
In land acquisition disputes, courts will readily restore a uniform, fair market rate across similarly-situated parcels, but ancillary compensation heads (like moveable equipment such as tubewells) still require the claimant to prove their case with admissible evidence, not private reports whose authors were never examined in court.
First Appeal from Order · 2026:DHC:8447
If you are injured while genuinely trying to board or exit a train, you are very likely covered under railway "untoward incident" compensation law, even if you technically hadn't fully boarded yet: courts read this protection broadly in favour of passengers, and contemporaneous official records (station logs, police diary entries) carry more weight than a statement taken from you much later.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8404
Courts will not entertain vague, unsubstantiated allegations of judicial bias, and a request to combine cases becomes moot once the other related proceedings have already concluded: genuine grievances about trial delay or procedure must be backed by specific, demonstrable facts, not just repeated litigation.
Bail Application · 2026:DHC:8403
Anticipatory bail can be granted even in matrimonial cases involving serious sexual-offence allegations where there is unexplained delay in reporting, no evidence substantiating the need for custodial interrogation, and the investigating agency's own conduct (e.g., undocumented "verbal" notices) fails to justify arrest, though this is assessed only for bail purposes, not as a finding on guilt.
Regular First Appeal · 2026:DHC:8407
In family property disputes, signing a Relinquishment Deed acknowledging receipt of consideration, and then waiting years without challenging it or pursuing your claimed share, will make it very difficult to later prove you were never actually paid; courts expect contemporaneous action (a legal notice, a suit) and corroborating evidence, not delayed assertions alone.
Regular First Appeal · 2026:DHC:8401
A tenant who claims to have paid a large sum toward an informal "mortgage" or side arrangement must be able to prove it with solid evidence (receipts, corroborating witnesses): bare assertions, especially when contradicted by one's own family members under cross-examination, will not defeat a landlord's claim for rent and possession.
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Legal Case Shots is a searchable database of Supreme Court of India judgments, each broken down into the case type, the court's key holding, and a practical lesson learnt, with the full judgment available as a PDF for citation or deeper reading.
Bilag Industries (BIL), an Indian pesticide manufacturer, became a subsidiary of a foreign company, AgrEvo SA, after a joint-venture agreement, and AgrEvo SA separately owned 100% of another Indian company, Aventis CropScience (India) Ltd., to which BIL sold its products (like Esbiothrin) for onward sale to end customers. The excise department claimed BIL and Aventis CropScience (India) were "related persons" under Section 4(4)(c) of the Central Excise Act, since both were linked through their common foreign parent, and demanded higher excise duty by valuing BIL's goods at the price Aventis CropScience later charged end customers, rather than BIL's own sale price. The Customs, Excise and Service Tax Appellate Tribunal (CESTAT) upheld this "related person" treatment and the resulting demand.
The Supreme Court reviewed a long line of its own precedents on what makes two companies "related persons" for excise valuation, holding that the test requires mutual interest: each company must have a direct or indirect interest in the other's business, not just a one-way relationship through a common parent. Common shareholding by a foreign parent, without more, does not by itself show that BIL had any interest in Aventis CropScience's affairs, or vice versa; their transactions were on a principal-to-principal basis, and the department had not shown BIL's prices to Aventis CropScience were suppressed compared to market prices. The Tribunal had wrongly inferred relatedness from the overall commercial arrangement without applying this proper legal test. Decision Breakdown (continued: outcome): The appeals were allowed, and the CESTAT's order (and the excise demand based on treating the companies as related persons) was set aside, with no order as to costs.
Two companies sharing a common parent or majority shareholder are not automatically "related persons" for tax valuation purposes. The law requires proof that each company actually has a stake in the other's business, not merely a shared corporate ownership structure.
