Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreA government hospital in Ranchi, the Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), invited tenders for installing a centralised medical oxygen and gas pipeline system. The petitioner (Sciemed) and the respondent (BOC India) both responded, and after BOC's challenge to the award process, the High Court of Jharkhand found that the contract had been improperly awarded to Sciemed and additionally held that Sciemed had filed a false or misleading affidavit before the High Court, imposing costs of Rs. 10 lakh on it.
The sole question before the Supreme Court was whether the imposition of Rs. 10 lakh in costs was justified. The Court noted a rising and troubling trend of litigants filing false affidavits in Indian courts and emphasised that the purity of judicial proceedings depends on the sanctity of affidavits. Since the underlying findings, that the contract was awarded improperly and was commercial in nature, were not under challenge, and the false affidavit finding stood unrebutted, the Court held the costs were "somewhat steep" but fully justified. The petition was dismissed, with six weeks allowed for the costs to be deposited with the Jharkhand Legal Services Authority for onward transmission to BOC.
Courts in India are increasingly willing to impose substantial monetary costs on litigants who file false or misleading affidavits, treating it as a serious attack on the integrity of judicial proceedings rather than a minor technical lapse.
