Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreTBEA, a Chinese transformer manufacturer, had supplied transformers and equipment to Alstom Projects India for a hydro project in Sikkim under a 2007 contract. A dispute arose over alleged defects in the supplied material, and Alstom invoked a bank guarantee furnished by TBEA without, TBEA claimed, adequate notice or justification. TBEA's earlier attempt to get interim relief (stopping encashment of the guarantee) had already failed before the trial court, the High Court, and even the Supreme Court itself. TBEA then asked the Supreme Court to appoint an arbitrator to resolve the underlying contractual dispute, as the contract contained an arbitration clause.
The Court held that a genuine dispute did exist between the parties over the quality of goods supplied and the propriety of invoking the bank guarantee, rejecting Alstom's argument that the dispute had become moot simply because the guarantee had already been encashed. Since the contract contained a valid arbitration clause, the Court exercised its power under Section 11(6) of the Arbitration Act and appointed Mr. Justice A.P. Shah, former Chief Justice of the Delhi High Court, as the sole arbitrator, with the seat of arbitration at Delhi (differing from the contract's designated seat of Paris, apparently by consent of the parties). The petition was allowed in these terms with no order as to costs.
Even if a party's attempt to get interim relief (such as blocking a bank guarantee) has already failed in court, that does not by itself close the door on the underlying commercial dispute: a party can still invoke a contract's arbitration clause to have the actual dispute decided by an arbitrator.
