Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1066
Courts will not infer a concluded oral contract for the sale of immovable property just because the other side's witnesses seemed evasive: the party seeking specific performance must independently and affirmatively prove every essential term was genuinely agreed.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1065
Even in serious, high-value corruption cases, prolonged pre-trial detention cannot be used as a substitute for punishment when the trial is unlikely to conclude soon and the evidence is already secured: bail remains the touchstone principle under Article 21's personal liberty protection.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1067
Preventive detention cannot be used as a backdoor way to keep someone in custody once the ordinary criminal process, including bail, has already run its course on the same facts; the detaining authority must show a genuine, independent risk of future harm, not just recycle the criminal case file.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1068
In land acquisition disputes, courts will readily restore a uniform, fair market rate across similarly-situated parcels, but ancillary compensation heads (like moveable equipment such as tubewells) still require the claimant to prove their case with admissible evidence, not private reports whose authors were never examined in court.
First Appeal from Order · 2026:DHC:8447
If you are injured while genuinely trying to board or exit a train, you are very likely covered under railway "untoward incident" compensation law, even if you technically hadn't fully boarded yet: courts read this protection broadly in favour of passengers, and contemporaneous official records (station logs, police diary entries) carry more weight than a statement taken from you much later.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8404
Courts will not entertain vague, unsubstantiated allegations of judicial bias, and a request to combine cases becomes moot once the other related proceedings have already concluded: genuine grievances about trial delay or procedure must be backed by specific, demonstrable facts, not just repeated litigation.
Bail Application · 2026:DHC:8403
Anticipatory bail can be granted even in matrimonial cases involving serious sexual-offence allegations where there is unexplained delay in reporting, no evidence substantiating the need for custodial interrogation, and the investigating agency's own conduct (e.g., undocumented "verbal" notices) fails to justify arrest, though this is assessed only for bail purposes, not as a finding on guilt.
Regular First Appeal · 2026:DHC:8407
In family property disputes, signing a Relinquishment Deed acknowledging receipt of consideration, and then waiting years without challenging it or pursuing your claimed share, will make it very difficult to later prove you were never actually paid; courts expect contemporaneous action (a legal notice, a suit) and corroborating evidence, not delayed assertions alone.
Regular First Appeal · 2026:DHC:8401
A tenant who claims to have paid a large sum toward an informal "mortgage" or side arrangement must be able to prove it with solid evidence (receipts, corroborating witnesses): bare assertions, especially when contradicted by one's own family members under cross-examination, will not defeat a landlord's claim for rent and possession.
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Legal Case Shots is a searchable database of Supreme Court of India judgments, each broken down into the case type, the court's key holding, and a practical lesson learnt, with the full judgment available as a PDF for citation or deeper reading.
R.M. Doshi was working as City Engineer of the Jamnagar Municipal Corporation when he was chargesheeted in 1993 for irregularities in execution of road construction work. After a departmental inquiry found him guilty, the Municipal Commissioner dismissed him from service in 1998. Doshi challenged the dismissal in the Gujarat High Court, arguing the Commissioner had no authority to impose such a penalty because the relevant Corporation resolution only empowered him to act on irregularities in "purchases," not on other kinds of misconduct. Both the Single Judge and the Division Bench of the High Court agreed with Doshi and set aside the dismissal, even though they also found the underlying misconduct proved.
The Supreme Court agreed that the Commissioner's original resolution-based authority did not extend to non-purchase irregularities like this one. However, it held that a later resolution of the Corporation's General Board had ratified the Commissioner's dismissal decision, and that this ratification cured the earlier lack of authority, relying on its own precedent in Pannalal Choudhury, which held that a competent authority's subsequent ratification of an unauthorised action makes the invalid act lawful retrospectively. Since the General Board itself had the power to dismiss Doshi and did in fact approve the dismissal, the Court held the dismissal order stood validly, restored it, and set aside both High Court judgments. As a concession to Doshi (who was by then about 75 years old and had been receiving Rs. 10,000/month under an interim Supreme Court order since 2012), the Court directed that the amounts already paid to him would not be recovered despite the appeal being allowed.
An official's decision that is technically beyond their delegated authority is not automatically void forever. If the properly empowered body later formally approves (ratifies) that decision, the ratification can validate it retrospectively, "as if" it had been made by the right authority all along.
