Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreMCGM owned land in Mumbai that it had leased to SevenHills Healthcare for building a hospital, on conditions including reserving 20% of beds for the poor. SevenHills went insolvent, and under the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process its Resolution Professional approved a resolution plan (by Dr. Shetty's New Medical Centre) that proposed to mortgage SevenHills' land, including MCGM's leased land, to raise over Rs. 1000 crores, while paying MCGM only part of its claimed dues. MCGM, as landowner and a statutory planning authority, objected that its own statutory approval under the Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act was required before any such charge could be created on its property, but the NCLT and NCLAT rejected its objections and approved the plan.
The Supreme Court held that while Section 238 of the IBC gives the Code overriding effect over other laws, this cannot override MCGM's independent statutory right and public duty under the Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act to control how its own properties are dealt with: that provision applies to the debtor's own assets, not a third party's. Without MCGM's approval under the municipal law, the insolvency authorities could not validly create fresh charges or securities over MCGM's land through the resolution plan. The Court also held MCGM could not be bound merely by a counsel's statement accepting the plan, since there can be no estoppel against clear statutory requirements. The NCLAT and NCLT orders approving the resolution plan were set aside and the appeal was allowed.
A company's insolvency resolution process cannot be used to override a third party's (such as a government or municipal body's) independent statutory rights over its own property; the IBC's overriding effect under Section 238 is limited to the insolvent debtor's own dealings and does not extinguish separate statutory approval requirements affecting another body's assets.
