Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreThe two appellants (brothers) were accused, along with several others, of conspiring to fraudulently divert about Rs. 25.89 lakh sanctioned by a bank to a firm, using fictitious identities and family bank accounts. In near-identical parallel proceedings brought by the CBI over the same transactions, the High Court had already quashed charges against the appellants and other co-accused after a settlement was reached with the bank, and the State's challenge to that quashing was dismissed by the Supreme Court, making it final. Here, after the bank's dues were fully repaid through a One Time Settlement and No Dues Certificates issued, the appellants sought similar quashing of the parallel proceedings arising from the bank's own original complaint, but the Madras High Court refused, citing the advanced stage of trial.
The Supreme Court held that since the bank, the aggrieved party, had received full payment through the settlement, no dues remained, and no continuing public interest justified prosecution, continuing the proceedings would serve no useful purpose. It emphasised that identical facts and the same transactions had already led to final quashing of parallel CBI proceedings against the very same appellants, and there was no reason to treat them differently in this case. The Court allowed the appeals and quashed the pending criminal proceedings against the appellants.
While serious fraud allegations are not always washed away by a private settlement, courts will look at the complete picture, including whether the victim has been fully compensated, whether any public interest remains, and whether identical facts already led to quashing in a related case, before deciding to continue a stale prosecution.
