Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreHaryana Concast Ltd. was under a winding-up order from 1999. Its secured lender assigned its debt to Pegasus, a securitisation company, which stayed outside the winding-up and sold about 36 acres of the company's land under the SARFAESI Act. The Company Court and the Official Liquidator had placed conditions on that sale, while a Delhi High Court decision in a different case had said a Company Court cannot interfere with a secured creditor's enforcement. The sale of the land to Venus Realcon for Rs. 32 crore was challenged in a public interest petition and in other appeals.
The Court held that the Company Court and the Official Liquidator cannot supervise or control a secured creditor's sale of secured assets under the SARFAESI Act, because that Act allows enforcement without the intervention of a court or tribunal. It approved the Delhi High Court view and disapproved the contrary Punjab and Haryana High Court view. The Court refused to disturb the completed auction sale, since it had been conducted with wide publicity and was not shown to be fraudulent, and later higher offers do not automatically reopen a valid sale. The Pegasus appeal was allowed only to declare the law, without disturbing the sale, and the other appeals were dismissed, with deposits refunded to an intervener with interest.
When a company is in winding-up, a lender or securitisation company that holds security over its assets can generally sell them under the SARFAESI Act without the winding-up court directing the sale. A sale conducted fairly and openly after wide publicity is not easily reopened just because someone later offers more money.
