Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreThe appellant was alleged to have had a relationship with the complainant (PW-1) under a false promise of marriage, leading to her pregnancy, and was further accused of forcibly taking her for an abortion against her wishes. The trial court convicted him on multiple counts including rape, cheating, and causing miscarriage without consent. The High Court acquitted him of rape but upheld his conviction for cheating (Section 417 IPC) and for causing miscarriage without consent (Section 313 IPC), which he then challenged before the Supreme Court.
The Supreme Court upheld the cheating conviction, finding the complainant's evidence credible that the appellant had induced her into a sexual relationship through a false promise of marriage. However, on the Section 313 IPC charge, the Court examined the evidence of the treating doctor, who testified that the complainant's own consent had been obtained before the pregnancy was medically terminated to save her life, and that she had arrived at the hospital already bleeding with no evidence linking her condition to the appellant. Since the essential ingredient of Section 313 IPC is causing miscarriage without the woman's consent, and that consent was in fact given, the Court held this charge was not established and set aside that part of the conviction. The appeal was allowed in part, and since the appellant had already served about three years in custody, he was ordered released forthwith.
A conviction must rest on evidence actually proving every essential ingredient of the specific offence charged: here, medical evidence of the complainant's own consent to the abortion was enough to overturn that particular conviction, even while a related conviction (cheating) stood on its own separate evidence.
