Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreThe appellant runs CNG-powered school transport buses. During renovation work at a school campus from July to November 2025, the buses were parked under a flyover near Mayur Vihar Metro on the Yamuna floodplain. The Delhi Development Authority issued 22 challans between 07.07.2025 and 25.10.2025, each imposing a penalty of Rs 50,000 per bus (Rs 11 lakh in total), relying on the NGT's 2015 judgment in Manoj Mishra v. Union of India. The Single Judge dismissed the appellant's writ petition, and a review order removed one sentence about photographs showing garbage dumping, leaving the rest of the findings unchanged.
The Division Bench dismissed the appeal. It held that unauthorised parking itself is a misuse of the regulated floodplain, regardless of whether any dumping occurred. The Rs 5,000 compensation under the NGT's para 94(vi)(d) relates to throwing pooja or other material into the river, not to parking, so it did not apply. The lack of parking space due to renovation did not justify parking in a prohibited, environmentally sensitive area. The appellant had been given a personal hearing on its representation before the rejection order, so the no-hearing complaint also failed.
Parking in environmentally protected areas can attract penalties even without any dumping, and inconvenience caused by construction work is not a defence. Authorities must give a fair hearing on objections, and the penalty provision applied must match the conduct alleged.
