Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreFour brothers of a family business had informally divided it between their branches, and they agreed to have an arbitrator divide the business. The arbitration award was later challenged, and the Delhi High Court set it aside. Meanwhile, the family had reached two settlements, one in 1994 approved by the Rajasthan High Court and one in 1995, which Rajni Sanghi was a party to. A Rajasthan High Court Division Bench had sent the 1994 settlement back to the trial court on technical grounds, and Rajni Sanghi challenged that remand.
The Supreme Court held that parties who settle their dispute amicably, even after an arbitration award has been made, can have that settlement prevail, because an award becomes enforceable only once a court makes it a rule of the court. It upheld the Delhi High Court's decision to set aside the award as "otherwise invalid," since the courts in Bombay and Rajasthan had already approved family arrangements over the same property. It set aside the Rajasthan remand order and affirmed both the 1994 and 1995 family arrangements. Rajni Sanghi's appeal was allowed, and the other two appeals were dismissed. The Court also observed that the family head's decisions bind junior family members in family business, absent proof of fraud or immoral conduct.
A written family settlement that the parties have acted on can be enforced by the courts even against an arbitration award that was never completed. A person who signs a family agreement should understand that backing out of it later can be legally blocked.
