Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
14543 more judgements for members
You're seeing the newest cases. Log in — it's free — to keep scrolling, search by name or judge, and filter by court or legal area.
Log in to see moreThe appellant (plaintiff) sued for declaration of title, confirmation of possession, and injunction over certain land. The Trial Court dismissed the suit, but the first Appellate Court reversed this and decreed in the plaintiff's favour; the defendant then filed a second appeal before the Tripura High Court, which allowed the appeal and restored the Trial Court's dismissal, prompting the plaintiff's appeal to the Supreme Court.
The Supreme Court noted that under Section 100(5) of the Code of Civil Procedure, a second appeal can only be heard and decided on the specific "substantial questions of law" that the High Court itself frames when admitting the appeal. Here, although the High Court had framed six substantial questions of law while admitting the second appeal, it never actually answered any of them; instead, it discussed unrelated issues and allowed the appeal as though it were rehearing the entire first appeal on facts. Because this exceeded the High Court's jurisdiction in second appeal, the Supreme Court set aside the High Court's order and remanded the matter back to the High Court to decide the second appeal afresh strictly on the six framed questions, without expressing any opinion on the merits.
A second appeal before a High Court is confined to deciding the specific substantial questions of law that were formally framed when the appeal was admitted: a High Court cannot use a second appeal to reopen and re-decide the facts of a case as if it were a first appeal.
