Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreThe appellant's case for promotion had been considered and rejected by the competent authority, which relied on certain Annual Confidential Reports containing adverse remarks against her. Critically, these adverse ACR entries had never been formally communicated to her at the time they were recorded, denying her any opportunity to contest or explain them before they affected her career.
The Supreme Court noted that this exact legal question had already been settled by its earlier decision in Sukhdev Singh v. Union of India (2013), which held that uncommunicated adverse ACRs cannot lawfully be relied upon in service-related decision-making. Applying that binding precedent, the Court allowed the appeal, set aside the impugned judgment, and directed the competent authority to disregard the uncommunicated adverse ACRs and take a fresh decision on the appellant's promotion claim strictly in accordance with law, after giving her a hearing and an opportunity to rely on other relevant precedent (Prabhu Dayal Khandelwal). The exercise was to be completed within two months.
An employer cannot use negative performance remarks against an employee, for promotion, discipline, or any other career decision, unless those remarks were actually communicated to the employee at the time, giving them a chance to respond; what was never disclosed to you cannot later be held against you.
