Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreOrganisations and members of the manual-scavenging community sought enforcement of the prohibition on manual scavenging and rehabilitation of those forced into it. Despite years of legislation and court directions, governments had failed to identify and assist many affected people. While the petition remained pending, Parliament enacted the 2013 law prohibiting manual scavenging and providing for rehabilitation.
The Court directed States and Union Territories to implement the 2013 Act fully, rehabilitate identified manual scavengers and act against violations. Its directions covered financial assistance, education support, housing and alternative livelihoods subject to the statutory schemes and eligibility requirements. It called for an end to railway-track manual scavenging and required safe sewer work, directing compensation of ₹10 lakh for each sewer death and identification of dependent families of people who had died in sewerage work since 1993. The Court disposed of the petition, ending its monitoring while allowing aggrieved people to approach the authorities and then the jurisdictional High Court.
Ending manual scavenging requires both stopping the prohibited work and enabling affected workers and families to live with dignity through rehabilitation. This 2014 judgment created concrete implementation and sewer-death compensation duties; its stated compensation figure describes the order made at that time.
