Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see morePolice officers Sanghian Pandian Rajkumar and Balkrishan Rajendraprasad Chaubey sought bail in the prosecution concerning the alleged killings of Sohrabuddin, Kausarbi and Tulsiram Prajapati. They had spent nearly seven years in custody while the case was transferred and records awaited translation. The CBI opposed release because of the seriousness of the allegations and the risk of influencing witnesses.
The Court considered the lengthy detention, bail already granted to several co-accused and the inability to conclude the large trial within a reasonable time. It granted both appellants bail on bonds with two solvent sureties each of ₹1 lakh. Conditions required residence in Mumbai, reporting to the Special Judge on alternate working days, attendance at hearings, surrender of passports and no inducement or threats to witnesses. The Court also fixed deadlines for transfer and translation of records and directed efforts to complete the trial promptly. The CBI could seek recall or modification for breach, and the order did not determine guilt.
Even grave criminal allegations require an individual bail assessment that accounts for prolonged detention and realistic trial delays. Release pending trial may come with strict residence, reporting and witness-protection conditions and can be reconsidered if those conditions are broken.
