Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreA sole arbitrator passed an award on 23 December 2023 in a dispute between partners of a firm. The appellant had paid a bank liability of the partnership firm and sought reimbursement, and he had also stood as a guarantor for the firm's cash-credit facility. The District Judge, in OMP (COMM.) No. 25/2024, set aside the award on 28 November 2025, on the grounds that the arbitrator had decided only that claim despite a statement recorded on 11 December 2023, and that the claim was outside the arbitration agreement because the appellant was also a guarantor.
The High Court held that the principal grounds on which the District Judge set aside the award could not be sustained. It found that the arbitrator's adjudication of the bank-payment claim was not an adjudication of a dispute wholly outside the arbitration, merely because the appellant had also given a guarantee to the bank, and that the appellant was himself a partner in the firm, with the partnership deed containing an arbitration clause relating to the dispute. The Court also found that the District Judge's view that the arbitrator had to decide other reliefs did not match the proceedings recorded on 11 December 2023. The appeal was allowed, the District Judge's order was set aside, and the arbitral award of 23 December 2023 was restored.
Being a guarantor does not automatically take a claim outside an arbitration agreement if the claim arises from the parties' partnership relationship. A party's own recorded statements before the arbitrator can determine what the award covers.
