Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreA registered society running a pharmacy college in Hyderabad applied to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University for a "No Objection Certificate" (NOC) to start a new Diploma in Pharmacy course, but the University refused based on a State government policy declaring a "holiday" on new technical institutions/courses because existing seats in the region (30 of 36 pharmacy colleges in the state were already in Hyderabad) were going vacant. The college challenged the refusal and certain affiliation regulations before the High Court, which upheld the regulations' validity but held the government's "no new courses" policy was not authorized by the relevant education statute, and directed the University to grant the NOC. The University appealed.
The Supreme Court held that the State and University do have the power under Section 20 of the Telangana Education Act, 1982 to regulate the opening of new institutions/courses based on genuine educational need and saturation of an area, relying on its own earlier precedent (Government of A.P. v. J.B. Educational Society) upholding the pari materia Andhra Pradesh provision. Given that 30 of 36 pharmacy colleges in the state were already concentrated in Hyderabad city alone, the government's policy decision not to permit a new course there was a legitimate exercise of that power rather than an arbitrary "holiday." The Court distinguished the respondents' cited precedents as dealing with different statutory schemes or different facts, and held the High Court was wrong to direct grant of the NOC. The appeal was allowed and the High Court's judgment quashed.
A university or State education authority can lawfully refuse permission for a new educational course or institution in a locality that is already saturated with similar institutions, where the governing statute permits regulation based on genuine educational need: this is not an arbitrary restriction on starting new colleges.
