Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreThe respondent, a CRPF Assistant Commandant, suffered a spinal injury on duty in 2001 that left him 100% permanently disabled, and the CRPF sought to relieve him from service on medical grounds. The respondent challenged this, relying on Section 47 of the 1995 Act, which restricts terminating a government employee's service on account of disability acquired during service. The Union argued that a 2002 notification exempted the CRPF from Section 47 altogether, while the Allahabad High Court held the exemption applied only to the promotion-related part of Section 47 (sub-section 2), not to the protection against removal from service, and ordered the respondent reinstated or adjusted against a suitable post.
The Supreme Court examined whether the statutory proviso to Section 47, exempting certain establishments, applied to the whole section or only to sub-section (2), and sided with the Union of India's reading that the exemption covered the entire section, including the protection against discharge. It rejected the respondent's reliance on other disabled personnel being retained in different forces, noting the plea lacked particulars and had not been raised before the High Court. The Court allowed the Union's appeal and set aside the High Court's judgment, while directing that the respondent vacate official accommodation by a set date without facing penal charges in the interim.
Statutory exemptions for specific government services (like paramilitary forces) from disability-protection provisions can be read broadly to cover an entire section of the law, not just the specific sub-part most directly in dispute, so employees relying on such protections must carefully check whether their specific force has been exempted.
