Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Transfer Petition (Criminal) · 2026 INSC 1060
Where a marriage has irretrievably broken down and the parties reach a genuine, voluntary settlement, including on alimony, the Supreme Court can use its Article 142 powers to grant a mutual-consent divorce and close out all related litigation in one stroke, without requiring the usual statutory waiting period.
Writ Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1061
In long-running, complex litigation involving apportioned government liabilities across states, the Supreme Court can use a mechanism like a retired-judge committee plus periodic compliance affidavits to bring genuine finality, including firm timelines, transparency obligations, and interest for delayed payment, rather than leaving matters open-ended.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1062
In an "as is where is" liquidation auction, a bidder who voluntarily accepts the auction terms cannot later resile from a forfeiture clause by citing regulatory caps or after-the-fact excuses for non-payment: courts will enforce the auction notice's own conditions.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8338-DB
Once someone is released from custody because the police failed to properly communicate the grounds of arrest, the police cannot simply re-arrest them by adding new charges: a specific, court-supervised procedure with senior-officer accountability must be followed, or the re-arrest itself becomes illegal.
Bail Application · 2026:DHC:8308
In economic-offence cases, bail can still be granted where the method used to quantify the alleged financial evasion is not adequately justified, and where the apprehension of re-offending is speculative rather than evidence-based.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8323
A parole claim must be backed by a genuine, verifiable application to the competent jail authority: courts will scrutinise irregularities like an incomplete address, an unexplained thumb mark, or reliance on a mere friend's affidavit rather than close family.
Bail Application · 2026:DHC:8337
Courts can grant short, strictly time-bound interim bail purely on humanitarian/compassionate grounds (such as caring for a seriously ill family member), even while a case remains pending trial and an earlier bail plea has failed.
Bail Application · 2026:DHC:8312
Courts will not repeatedly re-examine a bail plea already rejected on merits unless the applicant can point to a genuine change in circumstances since the earlier order.
First Appeal from Order · 2026:DHC:8334
Under the no-fault compensation scheme for railway accidents, a valid ticket-holder injured while attempting to board a train, even carelessly, is generally entitled to compensation unless the railway can show a deliberate, conscious exposure to danger, not mere negligence.
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Legal Case Shots is a searchable database of Supreme Court of India judgments, each broken down into the case type, the court's key holding, and a practical lesson learnt, with the full judgment available as a PDF for citation or deeper reading.
After insolvency proceedings were initiated against Siva Industries and Holdings Limited (the "Corporate Debtor") on IDBI Bank's application, an initial resolution plan failed to get the required 66% approval from the Committee of Creditors (CoC). The appellant, the company's promoter, then proposed a one-time settlement plan; after several rounds of deliberation and one creditor changing its position, the CoC ultimately approved the settlement with 94.23% voting share, well above the 90% threshold required by Section 12A of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016. Despite this overwhelming approval, the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) rejected the withdrawal application (calling it a "business restructuring plan" rather than a simple settlement) and instead ordered liquidation, and the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) upheld that rejection.
The Supreme Court held that once 90% or more of the CoC, after due deliberation, decides in its commercial wisdom that a settlement and withdrawal of CIRP is in the interest of all stakeholders, neither the adjudicating authority (NCLT) nor the appellate authority (NCLAT) can sit in appeal over that commercial decision: interference is warranted only if the CoC's decision is wholly capricious, arbitrary, irrational, or contrary to the statute. Reviewing the CoC's meeting records, the Court found genuine, extensive deliberation (including amendments made to the settlement plan in response to creditor feedback) rather than any arbitrariness, and noted that Section 12A's 90% threshold is intentionally stricter than the 66% needed to approve a resolution plan, precisely because it demands broad creditor consensus. It therefore quashed the NCLAT and NCLT orders, allowed the appeals, and directed that the resolution professional's application for withdrawal of the CIRP be allowed.
When an overwhelming majority of creditors (90% or more) agree to settle and exit an insolvency process, tribunals cannot second-guess that commercial judgment: judicial interference in India's insolvency framework is meant to be minimal and reserved only for genuinely capricious or unlawful decisions.
