Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreVedanta and the Chinese respondent-company had four inter-related EPC contracts for a power plant, each containing an identical arbitration clause. After disputes arose and the contracts were terminated, an arbitral tribunal awarded the respondent various sums in Indian Rupees and Euros, plus a "dual rate" of interest: 9% simple interest if paid within 120 days of the award, rising to 15% if not paid within that period. Vedanta's objections to this award were rejected by a single judge and then by a Division Bench of the Delhi High Court, leading to this appeal, in which Vedanta confined its challenge only to the rate of interest awarded.
The Supreme Court held that the tribunal's dual-rate structure was unjustified because imposing a steep 15% rate after 120 days effectively penalized the award-debtor for exercising its statutory right to challenge the award within that same 120-day window under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. The Court also held that applying a uniform interest rate to both the Rupee and Euro components of the award was improper, since interest rates must correspond to the currency in which sums are awarded. It accordingly modified the award: the 15% post-120-day rate was deleted and a uniform 9% rate was retained for the INR component until realization, while the EUR component would instead carry interest at LIBOR plus 3 percentage points from the date of the award. The appeal was disposed of on this modified basis.
An arbitral tribunal's award of interest must be tailored to the currency of each component of the award and must not be structured so as to penalize a party merely for exercising its statutory right to challenge the award within the time the law allows.
