Real judgements, distilled
Court judgements broken down into the case type, how the decision played out, and the lesson worth remembering, with the full judgement available as a PDF.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1094
An older qualification must still satisfy the eligibility rules governing the appointment sought. Here, the certificate's early date did not secure reinstatement, and rejection of eligibility should not be confused with a conclusive finding that the certificate was forged.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1095
A party benefiting from a conditional stay must meet its deposit requirement or face enforcement. The additional ₹15 crore deposit secures the pending dispute; it does not settle the land's final compensation or amount to an immediate payment to the landowners.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1093
An alleged attempt to kill does not become a lesser offence simply because the victim avoided a fatal injury. Restoring this charge means the accusation must be tried; it does not establish that the accused is guilty.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1090
For the assessment in this case, assistance reducing ordinary manufacturing costs was taxable even though the government wanted to encourage industry. The purpose and actual operation of the particular subsidy mattered more than its general development label.
Criminal Appeal · 2026 INSC 1091
Proof that someone caused a serious injury does not by itself prove the additional ingredients of robbery. A court can substitute a lesser offence supported by the evidence; the sentencing reduction here depended on Appa's particular circumstances.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) · 2026 INSC 1092
Someone challenging an election must ensure that the personal-presentation requirement is met and can be proved. Merely entering the court building does not establish compliance, and a filing defect can end the challenge before the election allegations are examined.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1088
An employee who retires on 30 June may be entitled to the increment that falls due on 1 July after completing a year of service. Authorities that delay paying the amounts due must pay interest after the deadline set by the court.
Civil Appeal · 2026 INSC 1089
Recruitment must follow the qualifications stated in the advertisement and the governing Recruitment Rules. A court will not override a merit-based eligibility decision made under those rules merely because the candidate concerned was higher in the written test.
Writ Petition (Criminal) · 2026:DHC:8797
A person who occupied property only because of employment has no independent right to remain once the employment and decree end. Even when a petition fails, courts can make practical arrangements to let a person recover personal belongings.
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Log in to see moreRakhiben, wife of a director of M/s Vimla Fuels and Metals Limited, was granted anticipatory bail in a Rs. 36-crore cheating FIR on condition of depositing Rs. 7.5 crore with the Court. Separately, the company itself was later admitted into Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, triggering a moratorium. The company's Interim Resolution Professional (IRP) then applied to the Court, showing that Rs. 5.05 crore of the deposited bail amount had actually come from the company's own bank account and should be treated as a company asset, not personal funds, especially since the original complainant was separately trying to withdraw the deposited money.
The Supreme Court held that once an IBC moratorium is in force, the complainant cannot claim the portion of the deposit (Rs. 5.05 crore) traceable to the company's account, because it is an asset of the insolvent company and must be preserved for the insolvency process. It clarified that the deposit was made in the criminal case merely as a bona fide gesture to secure bail, not as a mechanism for the complainant to directly recover alleged cheated funds. The Registry was directed to release Rs. 5.05 crore (with interest) to the IRP, while the complainant remains entitled to the balance on furnishing a bank guarantee. The anticipatory bail already granted was left undisturbed.
Money deposited by a company, or traceable to its accounts, as a bail condition remains a company asset. Once that company enters insolvency proceedings and a moratorium takes effect, such funds must be preserved for the insolvency process rather than released to a private complainant; a bail deposit is not a shortcut for recovering alleged fraud proceeds.
